Suppose that the Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) will spend $1M on a malaria net distribution. As a result of AMF's commitment, the Gates Foundation contributes $400,000. If AMF had not acted, Gates would have spent the $400,000 on something else, half as valuable. AMF is player 1, Gates is player 2.
The Shapley value of player 1 is: 1100000The Shapley value of player 2 is: 300000
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See also: "Effective Altruism" for this concept applied to altruism